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Aqua Claudia
Aqua Claudia〔In Latin, "the Claudian water"〕 () was an aqueduct of ancient Rome that, like the ''Anio Novus'', was begun by Emperor Caligula (12 AD – 41 AD) in 38 AD and finished by Emperor Claudius (10 BC – 54 AD) in 52 AD.〔Frontinus, ''De aquaeductu'' 1.13〕 The Aqua Claudia was built between the dates of 38 AD to 52 AD, which was approximately 14 years. Its main springs, the Caeruleus and Curtius, were situated 300 paces to the left of the thirty-eighth milestone of the ''Via Sublacensis''. Subiaco which was away from Rome was also a water source.
==Structure==
The channel length was 45–46 miles (c. 69 km, most of which was underground), and volume at the springs was 191,190 cubic metres in 24 hours (or 185,000 cubic meters〔Schram, Wilke D. “Aqua Claudia.” Website on Roman Aqueducts. N.p., Jan. 2010. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.〕). Following Nero's completion of the Arcus Neroniani, one of the aqueduct's branches, the Aqua Claudia could provide all 14 Roman districts with water. Directly after its filtering tank, near the seventh mile of the Via Latina, it finally emerged onto arches, which increase in height as the ground falls toward the city, reaching over 100 feet. It is also one of the two ancient aqueducts that flowed through the Porta Maggiore, the other being the Anio Novus. It is described in some detail by Frontinus in his work published in the later 1st century, ''De aquaeductu''.
The church of San Tommaso in Formis was later built into the side of the acqueduct.
The Aqua Claudia maintained its structure and appearance for so long because of the ingredients inside the concrete. Romans would mix in volcanic ash〔ash from volcanoes near Rome〕 which was a benefit for the concrete because it made the concrete stronger and durable. The aqueduct was powered by gravity, dropping 1 foot every 300 feet. Part of the structure was on solid ground while 9.5 miles of the structure was borne on lofty arches.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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